Introduction

It has been ten years since the war in Syria broke out. The situation is unrelieved, as a political solution to end this bloody conflict is still out of reach. According to statistics issued recently by UN agencies, more than 6.6 million refugees are distributed on neighboring countries and EU countries, while number of internally displaced people is estimated to be 6.7 million[1]

Nowadays, civilians in Syria are also suffering from economic consequences of the conflict, due to harsh depreciation of SYP exchange rate against US Dollar and loss of purchasing value. In addition, inflation increased, and essential materials are no longer sufficiently available amid constant power outages. This was accompanied by adverse losses in Syrian economy estimated to be around 530 billion US dollars (9.7 times the GDP of Syria before war)[2]

Furthermore, there are more than 13.5 million Syrians in need for humanitarian aid, and 60% are threatened by hunger in 2021[3]. Syria was considered one of the poorest countries in the world in 2021[4]. The situation deteriorated due to the spread of corona virus, rendering it more tragic because of the fragile catastrophic condition of the health
sector[5]

Amid this colossal destruction of the capabilities of the Syrian state, the repercussions of the conflict on human capital, and the absence of a political solution to this blood-soaked conflict, discussing repatriation has become a very complicated issue. Thus, this humanitarian crisis was turned into a ticklish file which is being tossed by countries as a negotiation card whenever topic of settling the Syrian file is brought to the table.

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[1] UNHCR, Syria emergency, https://bit.ly/3oum0nS

[2] Syrian Center for Policy Research, report of impact of conflict, May 2020 https://bit.ly/3wJuLOK

[3] United Nations, As Plight of Syrians Worsens, Hunger Reaches Record High, International Community Must Fully Commit to Ending Decade-Old War, March 2021, https://bit.ly/3qAvT6f

[4] POPULATION BELOW POVERTY LINE, https://bit.ly/3qBf1Mv

[5] Mazen Gharibah and Zaki Mehchy, COVID-19 Pandemic: Syria’s Response and Healthcare Capacity, London School of Economic, March 2020, https://bit.ly/3kUlX43